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AC (extended access control) is mandatory. This security mechanism limits access to biometrics to the issuing country and countries that have permission from the issuing country. This capability will be used to protect fingerprints, iris scans as an option and other privacy-sensitive data. EAC is based on a chip-dedicated Diffie-Hellman asymmetric key pair using either DH (PKCS#3) or ECDH (ISO 15946), the latter implementing elliptic curve cryptography. The public part of the key is digitally signed by the issuing country, while the microprocessor contains the matching private section, which can never be readout. Through chip authentication, the terminal ascertains that the chip possesses that private part, thereby identifying it as genuine and making chip cloning unfeasible. French passport for sale online.

An attacker aiming at cloning the ePassport faces the practical problem of computing the microprocessor's private key given the public elements (which can always be obtained freely). Carrying out this task is commonly referred to as the Discrete Logarithm Problem and requires gigantic computational resources even for practical key sizes. In other words: a brute-force attack, where the attacker gathers as much computational power as possible and implements the fastest known discrete-log extraction algorithm (currently GNFS) would typically require 273 (respectively 2103) operations for a 1024-bit (resp. a 2048-bit) DH public key, and 2128 operations for a 256-bit ECDH public key. This represents several decades of unceasing computations over a large-scale computer network and exceeds by far the limits of practical feasibility. Buy French passport online.